Birth control pills are a popular and effective method of contraception. However, like any medication, they can come with side effects. Understanding these side effects and how to manage them can help you make informed decisions about your birth control options.
Common side effects of birth control pills
Breakthrough bleeding
This refers to bleeding between periods. It's common during the first few months of taking birth control and often resolves on its own.
Breast tenderness
Some women may experience tenderness or soreness in their breasts. This is usually temporary and can be alleviated by wearing a supportive bra.
Nausea and vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are more common during the first few weeks of starting birth control. If these symptoms persist, talk to your doctor.
Headaches
Some women may experience headaches, especially during the first few months of use. If headaches are severe or persistent, consult your doctor. You may also use common pain relievers like Paracetamol to relieve the headaches associated with pill use.
Weight gain or loss
While weight gain is a common concern, it's not a direct side effect of birth control. However, changes in appetite, metabolism, or activity levels can contribute to weight changes.
Mood changes
Some women may experience mood swings or changes in libido while taking birth control. These effects are usually temporary and can be managed with lifestyle adjustments or a change in birth control.
Acne
Birth control can help improve acne for some women, but it can also cause breakouts in others.
Increased blood pressure
In some cases, birth control pills can slightly increase blood pressure. Regular check-ups with your doctor are important to monitor your blood pressure. Hypertensive females should not take combined oral contraceptives and should only take progesterone-only pills.
Increased risk of blood clots
Women with certain risk factors, such as smoking or a history of blood clots, may be at a slightly increased risk of developing blood clots while taking birth control. The risk is approximately 2 to 6 per 10,000 women, which is low. In contrast, getting pregnant can increase your risk of developing blood clots fivefold.
Managing side effects
Give it time
Many side effects improve or disappear after the first few months of taking birth control.
Talk to your doctor
If you're experiencing bothersome side effects, discuss them with your doctor. They can help you determine if the benefits outweigh the risks and may recommend a different birth control option.
Lifestyle changes
Certain lifestyle changes can help manage some side effects. For example, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress can help with mood changes and acne.
Consider switching birth control
If the side effects are severe or persistent, your doctor may recommend switching to a different type of birth control.
Important considerations
Pre-existing conditions
If you have pre-existing health conditions, such as high blood pressure or a history of blood clots, it's important to discuss these with your doctor before starting birth control.
Age
Age can influence the risk of certain side effects. For example, older women may be at a higher risk of blood clots.
Smoking
Smoking increases the risk of blood clots and other health problems, especially when combined with birth control. It's important to consider your smoking habits when you take birth control.
Additional tips
Take your pills as directed
Consistency is key for birth control to be effective and to minimize side effects.
Monitor your body
Pay attention to any changes in your body and report them to your doctor.
Consider alternative methods
If you're unable to tolerate birth control pills, there are other effective contraception options available, such as injections, implants, or intrauterine devices (IUDs).
Understanding the risks and benefits
It's important to weigh the potential risks and benefits of birth control before making a decision. While there are potential side effects, birth control offers numerous advantages, including:
Preventing pregnancy
Birth control is highly effective in preventing unintended pregnancy.
Managing menstrual symptoms
Birth control can help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and lighten bleeding.
Treating acne
Birth control, especially anti-androgenic pills that contain cyproterone acetate or drospirenone, can be beneficial for some women with acne.
Reducing the risk of certain diseases
Birth control can reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.
When to consult a doctor
If you experience any of the following symptoms, it's important to consult your doctor:
- Severe or persistent side effects
- Changes in menstrual bleeding
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Breast lumps or changes
- Unexplained weight gain or loss
- Headaches or vision problems
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
- Leg pain or swelling
Remember, the decision to start or continue taking birth control is a personal one. By understanding the potential side effects and discussing them with your healthcare provider, you can make an informed choice that suits your individual needs and goals.
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Last medically reviewed on September 24, 2024.